Classification and working principle of stepper motor drivers

    Stepper motor drivers are electronic devices used to control the rotation of stepper motors by converting electrical pulse signals into the driving signals required by the motor. The classification and working principles of stepper motor drivers are as follows:

    1. Classification

    (1) Phase sequence type: Phase sequence type stepper motor drivers are a common driving method on the market. They control the rotation of the motor by controlling the current flowing through each phase winding. Common phase sequence drivers include single-phase drivers, two-phase drivers, and three-phase drivers.

    (2) Micro-step type: Micro-step type stepper motor drivers can divide electrical pulse signals into any proportion, making the motor rotate more smoothly and improving the accuracy and control precision of the stepper motor. Common micro-step drivers include half-step, quarter-step, and eighth-step.

    2. Working principle

    The working principle of the stepper motor driver is to convert the current signal into the corresponding magnetic field to control the rotation and positioning of the motor. When current flows through the motor winding, a magnetic field is generated in the winding, attracting the permanent magnet in the motor, which drives the rotation of the shaft. By controlling the magnitude and direction of the current, the rotation direction and speed of the motor can be controlled.

    Phase sequence stepper motor drivers typically control the rotation of the motor by controlling the current flowing through each phase winding. When the phase sequence driver receives an electrical pulse signal, it sequentially applies current to each phase winding according to the rotation direction and magnitude of the current, generating a magnetic field to control the motor's rotation.

    Micro-step stepper motor drivers achieve more precise control by controlling the number of subdivided steps. In micro-step drivers, electrical pulse signals are divided into smaller signals to achieve smoother motor control. Micro-step drivers can also be subdivided according to the required number of steps to improve control precision.

    In summary, stepper motor drivers are important electronic devices that convert electrical pulse signals into driving signals for precise control of stepper motors. They are widely used in mechanical, automation, and electronic control fields.