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Working principle and characteristics of stepping motor.

2022-11-11

Principle: Stepping motor is a motor that converts pulse signal into linear displacement or angular displacement by using electromagnet principle. Every time an electric pulse comes, the motor rotates at an angle to drive the machine to move for a short distance.

The stepper motor driver controls the windings through the internal logic circuit and energizes them in the correct order, so as to realize the operation of the motor.

Taking two-phase 1.8 degree stepping motor as an example, there are mainly two methods: 4-wire bipolar and 6-wire unipolar:

4-wire bipolar motor
When the energizing direction of the winding changes in the sequence of ac ->bd ->ca ->db, the motor runs for one step (1.8 degrees) every time.

6-wire (unipolar) motor
When the energizing direction of the winding changes in the sequence of oa ->ob ->oc ->od, the motor runs for one step (1.8 degrees) every time.

Features: ① One pulse, one step angle.
② Control pulse frequency and electric speed.
③ Change the pulse sequence and the rotation direction.
④ The angular displacement or linear displacement is proportional to the number of electrical pulses.

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